The correct answer is D. An increase in the expected price level shifts short-run aggregate supply to the left but an increase in the actual price level does not shift short-run aggregate supply. The higher nominal interest rate increases the cost of holding money and therefore reduces the demand for real money balances. Short Run Aggregate Supply shifts left A support level is the price at which a stock generates interest from a sufficient number of buyers to cause a price spike. Unexpected increase in the price. (Because: optimism on expected income . Suppose the expected price level is 130. • Why does the expected price level P e matter (not the actual price level P)? Support is a price level where a downtrend can be expected to pause due to a concentration of demand or buying interest. As technical indicators go, a resistance level takes some of the ambiguity out of trading. Why is a resistance level significant? • Why does the unemployment rate u matter? The highest price level among EU Member States was observed in Denmark, 41% above the EU average, while in Bulgaria the price level was 47% below the EU average. If there is no unemployment insurance, then you would be willing to accept very low wages to avoid being unemployed. The interactive graph below (Figure 2) shows the aggregate supply curve shifting to the left, from SRAS 0 to SRAS 1 … Because the Fed has not changed the quantity of money available today, the reduced demand for real money balances leads to a higher price level. PPP: gross domestic product at purchasing power parity adjusts for price level differences across countries, providing a better measure of the volume of goods and services produced. The long-run curve is unaffected by a change in the expected price level or the actual price level. increases consumption spending) ... workers and firms must increase prices and wages to compensate for inflation/increased price level) Term. of an important natural resource. A higher price level increases output, if the expected price level does not change, since the real wage rate decreases. The exchange rate has an important relationship to the price level because it represents a link between domestic prices and foreign prices. Other examples of z include the minimum wage. In the long run, the changes in the expected price level will not affect the aggregate supply because the period will be long enough to materialize the expected and actual price levels. This is expected to offset price increases caused by bottlenecks in the supply chain. If the price level turns out to be 130 à producers supply the economy’s potential output à unemployment is at the natural rate. • What are the other factors z?One example is unemployment insurance. So, option 'b' is correct. Definition. This means that at each given price level for outputs, a higher price for inputs will discourage production because it will reduce the possibilities for earning profits. 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